The most thoroughly-studied examples of polyteny are the giant chromosomes found in certain cells of larval flies.
Endoreduplication is a cellular process in which a cell undergoes DNA replication without subsequent cell division, resulting in a doubling or multiple doubling of its genome within a single nucleus. This phenomenon is commonly observed in certain plant and animal cells, particularly in tissues that require increased cell size or metabolic capacity. Endoreduplication can contribute to cell differentiation and adaptation, playing a crucial role in development and stress responses. It differs from traditional cell division, as it leads to polyploid cells, which have more than two sets of chromosomes.
Tetraploidy can result from errors during cell division, such as nondisjunction or endoreduplication, leading to the doubling of the chromosomal content in a cell. It can also be induced experimentally through chemical treatments or genetic modifications.
Cells can undergo mitosis without undergoing cytokinesis in a process called endoreduplication. This results in the formation of a single cell with multiple copies of the genetic material. Endoreduplication is common in certain types of cells, such as those in the liver and in certain plant cells, and is associated with specialized functions like increased cell size or storage of nutrients.
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 16 words with the pattern ---YT---. That is, eight letter words with 4th letter Y and 5th letter T. In alphabetical order, they are: barytone barytons craythur eurythmy holytide lecythis lecythus lekythoi lekythos lekythus playtime polytene polyteny polytype ponytail tidytips
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 4 words with the pattern PO----NY. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter P and 2nd letter O and 7th letter N and 8th letter Y. In alphabetical order, they are: polygeny polygony polygyny polyteny
Most plant cells have one nucleus, but there are exceptions. For example, some plant cells may have multiple nuclei due to a process called endoreduplication. Additionally, certain mature plant cells may lack a nucleus altogether, such as red blood cells in some plants.
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 7 words with the pattern -OL--EN-. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter O and 3rd letter L and 6th letter E and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are: colleens holocene molimens polygene polygeny polytene polyteny
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 8 words with the pattern PO---EN-. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter P and 2nd letter O and 6th letter E and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are: pocosens polygene polygeny polytene polyteny posteens potheens potteens
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 13 words with the pattern P--Y--N-. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter P and 4th letter Y and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are: papyrine phrygana playland playpens polygene polygeny polygons polygony polygyny polypine polytene polyteny proyning
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 7 words with the pattern -OL--E-Y. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter O and 3rd letter L and 6th letter E and 8th letter Y. In alphabetical order, they are: colliery politely polygeny polymery polysemy polyteny soldiery
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 41 words with the pattern P---TE--. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter P and 5th letter T and 6th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are: painters panatela panetela peartest pedately penitent pensters phattest philters piasters picotees pivoters plaiters planters plasters plastery platters pleaters plotters plouters plowters pointels pointers politely politest polytene polyteny poofters popsters poshteen postteen posttest poufters poulters presters printers printery psalters psaltery pukateas punsters
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