Almost Not, even not similar at all.
Chinese pronounce system is totally different with Japanese.
Japanese kanji and Chinese characters are very much the same. Japanese has 3 alphabets- hiragana (which is used for everyday writing), katakana (used for English words like "terebi" which is television), and kanji which is used instead of hiragana for nouns and adjectives etc. However, Chinese only have kanji, although they call it something else. The reason they are so alike is because the Japanese borrowed that alphabet off the Chinese, so a lot of Chinese characters will have the same meaning as Japanese kanji, although they will be pronounced differently.
Absolutely not. Japanese writing differs largely from Chinese with the exception of a variety of kanji (while the Chinese characters may match in meaning with the Japanese kanji, they are almost always pronounced entirely differently). In addition, they are not even in the same language family, and have different gramatical systems.
The kanji for Karate is going to be the same in Chinese as it is in Japanese. I can't paste in the appropriate two characters here.
There are basically three alphabets in Japan: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. Hiragana is what's first learned, and is one of the easiest. Katakana has the same amount of characters and same pronounciations as hiragana, but written different. Katakana is often used for foreign words. Kanji is the alphabet that is Chinese characters. The kanji alphabet is endless, but Japanese and Chinese kanji are not the same. There's the Japanese meaning and Chinese meaning. Most people when writing will use all three alphabets at the same time.
In Japanese, the Kanji alphabet uses mostly Chinese characters that represent ideas instead of sounds. Therefore, each kanji character can be read phonetically either in Japanese or Chinese. The word 'ninja' comes from the Chinese characters 'nin' and 'sha' (which basically mean 'stealth' and 'person'). Those same characters, in Japanese kanji, are read as 'shinobi no mono'. So the Japanese word for 'ninja' is 'shinobi'.
Japanese language uses 2 alphabets (hiragana and katakana) in addition to more complex characters that are derived from the Chinese written language. Kanji (Japanese characters) are the same as Chinese characters.
You can't tell from just romaji, you need to know what the kanji (chinese characters) are. The same name can be spelled with many different cominations of kanji.
Though Japanese Kanji does come from the Chinese, modern Chinese has been simplified, so in many cases the Japanese Kanji is an older, different character. Japanese hiragana and katakana, however, do not exist in Chinese.
The Chinese word for "little" is 小. This is the same in Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters. In Hanyu Pinyin, it's pronounced "xiao3." In Gwoyeu Romatzyh it's pronounced "sheau."
Today in Chinese is "今天." It's written the same way in Traditional Characters and Simplified Characters. In Hanyu Pinyin, it's pronounced "jin1tian1." In Gwoyeu Romatzyh, it's pronounced "jintian."
No, kanji isn't Japanese calligraphy. Kanji is adapted from Chinese characters, and they generally mean the same thing in both languages, but what they're called changes. For example, the Japanese usually use kanji for their numbers, meaning they are the same as in Chinese but whereas Chinese is yi, er, san, sietc. Japanese is ichi, ni, san, shi etc.
"Friend" in Chinese is 朋友. This is the same in Traditional and Simplified Chinese Characters. In Hanyu Pinyin, it is pronounced peng2you3, and in Gwoyeu Romatzyh it is pronounced perngyeou.