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Nigeria gained its independence from British colonial rule on October 1, 1960, through a negotiated process rather than violent conflict, marking a relatively peaceful transition. The path to independence involved constitutional reforms and political dialogue, with key figures from various ethnic groups advocating for self-governance. However, the post-independence period was marked by political instability and ethnic tensions that eventually led to civil unrest. Thus, while the independence itself was achieved peacefully, the subsequent challenges highlighted underlying divisions in the country.

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