Yes
Juries in a criminal trial.
The standard for juries to convict in criminal trials is: "Beyond A REASONABLE Doubt." NOT ALL doubt, only 'reasonable' doubt. The standard for juries to convict in civil trials is: "The WEIGHT of the evidence." Therefore, the standard for conviction in a civil trial is LESS than what is required in a criminal trial.
ALL crimes require a criminal act accompanied by a criminal intent.
ALL crimes require that those two factors to be present.
In a criminal trial, all 12 jurors must be in agreement. Some state jurisdiction allow 10-2 or 9-3 verdicts. Federal courts always require unanimity.
misdemeanors
No. Indeed in Scottish law there is provision for a 3rd outcome: Not Proven. It was once the case that juries had to be unanimous, but now they have majority verdicts. Sometimes a majority decision cannot be reached.
1) No. 2) Science, when mangled by lawyers, is seldom scientific.
Job qualifications differ depending on the job itself. Most companies require adult applicants to have at a the very minimum a high school diploma or equivalent as well as no criminal record.
No state requires a will.
YES it does
Criminal justice is a broad area. It depends on which type of criminal justice position you are referring to.