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The Inca Civil War, which erupted in the early 16th century between the factions led by Atahualpa and Huáscar, significantly weakened the Inca Empire, making it more vulnerable to Spanish conquest. Internal divisions and conflicts diminished their military strength and cohesion, allowing Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro, to exploit the situation. This disarray facilitated the Spanish capture of Atahualpa and the subsequent rapid downfall of Inca resistance, ultimately leading to Spanish control over Peru. The civil war thus played a crucial role in the ease of Spanish conquest and colonization.

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