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Jews migrated to the German states over a long period. In the Middle Ages, especially at the time of the crusades and the Black Death, Jews were expelled from many parts of Germany and were pushed eastwards - to Poland, which until about 1650 was very tolerant towards the Jews. Until the Nazi period there were a few Jewish farmers in Baden who claimed to have settled there in Roman times. (This claim cannot be verified, but it is clear that many of the families had been there for many centuries as farmers, despite expulsions - which were sometimes less thorough than at first appears). There were also some other areas and states that were reasonably tolerant, for example, Hamburg. A very large number of German Jews became inhabitants (and later citizens) of Prussia as a result of the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795. In 1812 Prussia granted something close to full citizenship to its Jewish population and acquired an international reputation for toleration. This attracted some inward migration.

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18y ago

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