How did the fact that other countries in Europe had strong rulers effect Italy's fate?

Answer 1

The presence of strong rulers in other European countries significantly impacted Italy's fate by preventing the unification of its fragmented states. While nations like France, Austria, and Spain consolidated power under centralized monarchies, Italy remained divided into numerous city-states and kingdoms, each with its own governance and interests. This disunity made Italy vulnerable to foreign influence and intervention, as powerful neighbors often exploited the region's instability for their own gain. Ultimately, the lack of a unified Italian state allowed external powers to dominate Italian politics and hindered the emergence of a cohesive national identity until the 19th century.