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The Soviet Union, established after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, was characterized by a communist ideology that aimed to eliminate class distinctions and promote state ownership of the means of production, contrasting sharply with the autocratic rule of Czar Nicholas II, who maintained a feudal system and a monarchy. Under Nicholas II, society was hierarchical and largely agrarian, with widespread poverty among peasants, while the Soviet Union sought to create a classless society, emphasizing industrialization and collective farming. Additionally, the Soviet Union implemented a single-party system that suppressed political dissent, whereas Tsarist Russia, despite its autocracy, allowed for a degree of political plurality, albeit limited.

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