The Vikings.
The tundra climate in Europe is mainly found in the northernmost regions, such as the northern parts of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland) and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. These regions experience long, cold winters and short, cool summers with limited vegetation due to the cold temperatures and permafrost.
The long ships were necessary for viking conquest. Long ships were built sturdy enough to surive the many storms of Scandinavia and Northern Europe. They were also designed so they could easily beach or sail on rivers, providing a quick attack.
No. It is a long way from Scandinavia.
Oars and oars
No. Scandinavia was established long before Captain James Cook was born.
Genet
On average, a flight from Florida to Europe is 10 hours.
.2 light seconds... but then again.... not everyone has access to a spaceship with lightspeed
The soil is covered usually by permafrost or rocks and underneath that there is clay like dirt. Most trees grow side ways roots to get as much nutrients as they can because most of it thrives at the top.
In southern Europe: from Feb. to Oct. In northern Sweden, Norway and Finland from late May until early Sept.
No, Scandinavia does not have a Mediterranean climate. The climate in Scandinavia is generally cold with long winters and mild summers, while Mediterranean climates are characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.