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There were 30 million people in the US in 1860. 21 million were in the Union states and 9 million in the Confederate. Of the 9 million in the south 3.5 million were slaves and there were another half million free blacks. Thus the white population of the south, from which military personnel were to be drawn, was approximately five million.

No one knows for certain how many men served in the Confederate army, or even the Union army, for that matter. Estimates range from a low of about 600,000 to a high of 1.1 million. Most agree the total of Confederate soldiers was about 900,000. The total of Union military personnel was probably about 2.1 million.

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