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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War. In accordance with the treaty provisions, Mexico ceded to the United States California and a large area comprising roughly half of New Mexico, most of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. It also established the Rio Grande as a boundary for Texas. The U.S. payed $15 million to Mexico and agreed to pay off the claims of American citizens against Mexico up to $3.25 million.

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