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California is neither. In the United States a territory is a location under US ownership which has not yet become a state. A colony, as I understand it, would be a location where we exert full control but no ownership. We do not have colonies, technically, though the difference between a territory and a colony might be debated.

An example of a territory is Puerto Rico. It is fully owned and controlled by the US. Its citizens are US citizens. But it has not yet become a state and so has no official seats in Congress.

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12y ago

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