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The Murray River is under threat from increased salination. Farms and towns cause a constant drain on its resources, and in one of the world's driest continents, there is little home for replenishing rainfall of the degree needed.

Logging along the Murray River is also posing a grave threat to the ecology of the river and its immediate environment.

The introduction of the European carp and other exotic fish has caused major ecological problems. Carp are bottom-feeders and cause turbidity of the water, as well as erosion along the riverbanks by undermining the banks and levees. They compete with native fish for food, and they can also infect Australia's native fish with the parasitic anchor worm, which prevents spawning and can be fatal for large adult Murray Cod and golden perch.

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