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Guangzhou was founded about 214 B.C. by Shi Huangdi, the emperor of China's Qin dynasty. During the time of the Roman Empire, from about 27 B.C. to A.D. 476, Roman merchants went to Guangzhou for silks, spices, and tea. Arab and Persian traders visited the city during the A.D. 600's. Portuguese merchants first went to Guangzhou in 1516. By the early 1800's, British, Dutch, French, and Portuguese traders controlled most of the trade between Guangzhou and the West. From 1759 to 1842, Guangzhou was the only Chinese port open to foreign trade.

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