The US grew greatly in global influence in the 19th century and became a superpower in the 20th century. The US is still a superpower in the 21st century.
Variations in air pressure and global winds.
This would be in the 18th or the 19th century. This is during the Industrial revolution when everyone was trying to have the most stuff.
wars had the most influence during the Middle Ages in Europe.
Austria.
Congress was the dominant political institution in the US during most of the 19th century. The presidency became more powerful during the 20th century.
Puritans
After their respective independence wars, most of these new nations adopted the Republic as form of government.
The nineteenth century. Most likely during the 1860s.
Farmers
It depends on the city. Large cities like Chicago or Boston have somewhat large spheres of influence on the surrounding area because they are captiols of their respective states and because they have a large influence over the surrounding areas. Smaller, or less powerful cities have less of an influence. From a global perspective, the sphere of influence of one city is not incredibly large because one city will generally influence the surrounding area within a country or at the very most, will influence an entire country, whereas a country will have a much larger sphere of influence which may include countries across the world. For example, during the 17th century, Britain had a very broad sphere of influence on its colonies.
In the 16th century, Spain emerged as the richest and most powerful country due to its vast colonial empire, which included territories in the Americas, parts of Europe, and Asia. The influx of wealth from gold and silver mines, particularly in present-day Mexico and Peru, bolstered its economy and military strength. Additionally, Spain's dominance in trade and its formidable naval power allowed it to exert influence over global politics and economics during this period.
1500