By Taiwan I'm sure your are referring to the Republic of China (ROC). The ROC would say they are "The Chinese." But, by Chinese control I assume mean the People's Republic of China (PRC) or "Communist China."
No, the ROC has not reunited with the PRC. Said another way, Taiwan/Formosa has not reunited with mainland China.
Japan had control of Taiwan from 1895 until the end of World War II. After WW II, in 1949, Taiwan was reverted to Chinese control, and the name was then changed to Taiwan, meaning Big Island.
Taiwan was a colony of Japan from 1895 to 1945. During World War II, Japan banned the use of the Chinese language in Taiwan. The country of Taiwan joined with China after Japan's defeat in WWII.
Chinese is spoken in Taiwan.
Chinese
Yes. Nationalist Chinese fled to Taiwan when the Communists took over the country.
Taiwanese
The official language of Taiwan is Mandarin Chinese.
Taiwan is not called Chinese Taipei, except for participation during the Olympic Games. Otherwise, it's still known as Taiwan. The name Chinese Taipei is being used because China doesn't want Taiwan to participate as a sovereign country, and the name Chinese Taipei satisfy the Chinese authority because it alludes to Taiwan being part of China.
The Kuomintamg is the current political party in Taiwan. The party was founded by Sun Yet-Sen and they fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War with the Communists winning control of mainland China.
The previous name of Taiwan was Formosa, which was given by the Portuguese explorers in the 16th century. Taiwan was later colonized by the Dutch and Spanish before coming under Chinese control.
Yes, Chinese citizens can transit in Taiwan under certain conditions and with the appropriate travel documents.
Yes, the Chinese name for the island of Taiwan is Taiwan.Written in Chinese as 臺 灣/台灣/台湾, it is pronounced the same as it is in English.