Yes.
The state of Alaska is partly within the Arctic Circle.
The Great Bear Lake
The land on the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States (Alaska), Canada, Denmark (Greenland), and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey).
The nearest tropic to Norway is the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere (bit it is not close to it, Norway is partly within the arctic circle!).
Juneau is the capital - but it is not within the Arctic Circle.
Within the Arctic Circle.
Part of Norway is within the Arctic Circle.
The northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and European Russia are within the Arctic Circle. Greenland, which is mostly above the Arctic Circle, is dependent on Denmark, but not a part of Europe.
The Labrador Current (aka Arctic Current) brings cold water down the east coast of Canada, through the Grand Banks to Nova Scotia. It extends from the Baffin Island Current, where Baffin island is partly within the Arctic Circle.
Within the Arctic Circle.
No.