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Emperor Joseph II of Austria was a key figure during the Enlightenment, known for his ambitious reforms aimed at modernizing the Habsburg Empire. He implemented policies that promoted religious tolerance, such as the Edict of Tolerance, which granted rights to non-Catholics. Additionally, he sought to centralize administration, reduce the power of the aristocracy, and improve education and healthcare. His efforts to promote rational governance and individual rights were significant, though many of his reforms faced resistance and were only partially successful.

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