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First, the common traits. Mexico and Panama are Latin American countries, meaning both have a majority of people who speak Spanish, profess the Roman Catholic religion and at some point during their respective histories, were conquered, colonized and finally gained its independence from Spain. Both are strategically located between the Pacific and Atlantic (Caribbean) Oceans and are "countries of interest" for the United States, with whom both countries have had less-than-friendly interaction, such as the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) or the US Invasion of Panama (1989-1990). The racial make up of both countries is predominantly of mestizo (60% for Mexico, 70% for Panama) and Amerindian people (30% and 20%, respectively).

Now, on the differences. Mexico is a North American country while Panama is a Central American nation. Both are republics, but Mexico is a federation of 31 independent states and one federal district while Panama is a presidential republic with 11 administrative provinces. In general terms, Mexico is more economically developed than Panama, but only by a small margin. Both economies are ranked as the 11th and 86th largest in the world, respectively.

Finally, some statistics:

  • Population: Mexico 112,468,855 / Panama 3,410,676 (both July 2010 est.)
  • Land area: Mexico 1,972,550 sq km (761,606 sq mi) / Panama 75,517 sq km (29,157 sq mi)
  • Gross Domestic Product: Mexico USD$1,548 billion / Panama USD$42.4 billion.
  • GDP Per Capita: Mexico USD$13,542 / Panama USD$12,498
  • Median Age: Mexico 27.3 years / Panama 27.2 years
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