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A:According to The Bible, the Jews came pouring out of Egypt with 600,000 fighting men and, after wandering in the wilderness for forty years, invaded the land of the Canaanites and wiped out the entire populations of many of the Canaanite cities. This invasion is recounted in the Book of Joshua, where Joshua was the leader of the Israelite invasion, but fragments of a more moderate, humane account can be found in Judges chapter 1, where the invasion was led by Caleb. Either way, the Bible literally dates this invasion to around 1400 BCE and explains that the Canaanite population was decimated.

Strong doubts had been held among scholars about the biblical account even before the discovery of the Amarna letters, but they proved conclusively that the Canaanites were still firmly in control of the land, under Egyptian dominion, more than a century after the biblical Exodus. Further archaeological evidence in Palestine shows that small Israelite settlements only began to appear in the Canaanite hinterland around 1200 BCE. It is now the strong consensus of scholars that the Exodus from Egypt never happened as described in the Bible. The Israelites were themselves Canaanites who left the cities and regions of the rich coastal plains to live in the previously sparsely populated hinterland. Other Canaanites continued to live on the plains and were briefly conquered by Israel under King Omri, then later by the Assyrians.

In summary, some of the Canaanites were ancestors of the Hebrew people who settled in Israel and Judah, and some remained along the coast and in the valleys. After the second Roman-Jewish War, the Romans expelled the Jews, descendants of the Hebrew people of Judah, but this expulsion did not include the pagans, some of whom could have been descendants of the Canaanites. The land was never left empty after the expulsion of the Jews. Throughout the centuries, migration and conversions of pagans to Judaism, or Jews to paganism, had affected the ethnic mix, but arguably the Palestinians of today are descended from Canaanites.

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