1537
Wealthy merchant families ruled Florence. The Albizzi Family was prominent in Florence from 1382 to 1434. The House of Medici ruled from 1434 to 1737, when there were no more male heirs, after which Austria temporarily ruled Tuscany. Tuscany became a province of the United Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
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The Medici is a political family dynasty from Florence and Tuscany. It is came to power in the 14th century and eventually became so strong that is started the Medici bank in the 15th century.
The last of the Medici family, Anna Maria Ludovica, died in 1743. She was the last member of the ruling branch of the Medici dynasty, which had significantly influenced the political and cultural landscape of Florence and Tuscany for centuries. Her death marked the end of the Medici family's direct lineage.
Giovanni Boccaccio died on December 21, 1375, in Certaldo, Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
Cosimo III De' Medici is pronounced as "KOH-zee-mo the third day MED-ih-chee." The "De'" is pronounced like "day," and "Medici" has a soft "ch" sound, similar to the name "Medi." The emphasis is typically on the first syllable of "Cosimo" and "Medici."
The Medici family was a very wealthy family during the 12th and 13th centuries. They were part of the patrician class but amassed their wealth through banking and commerce. They had a huge political influence and helped to contribute the arts and sciences.
Isabella Medici was born in 1542 and died in 1576. She never held the title of Duchess of Florence (Tuscany). She was the daughter of Cosimo I, Duke of Tuscany and the sister of Francesco I who succeded his father as Duke in 1574. She married Paolo Giordano Orsini in 1558. In 1560 Pope Pius IV named Orsini the Duke of Bracciano and Isabella, his wife, became the Duchess of Bracciano.
Galileo's patrons included Cosimo II de' Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, as well as his successors Ferdinando II de' Medici and Cosimo III de' Medici. These patrons provided support for Galileo's scientific work and allowed him to continue his research despite facing opposition from the Catholic Church.
The Order of Saint Stephen was created on October 10, 1561, by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo I de' Medici. It was established to honor distinguished military service and achievements for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The order remains active today.
The laboratory thermometer was invented in 1654 by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II. The thermometer was designed by Ferdinando II de' Medici's court physician, Santorio Santorio.