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The name Ireland derives from the name of the Celtic goddess Ériu (in modern Irish, Éire) with the addition of the Germanic word land. Most other western European names for Ireland, such as French Irlande, derive from the same source

The first settlements in Ireland date from 8000 BC.

Ireland has fewer animal and plant species than either Great Britain or mainland Europe because it became an island shortly after the end of the last ice age, about 10,000 years ago.

For an island with a relatively small population, Ireland has made a large contribution to world literature in all its branches, mainly in English.[71] Poetry in Irish represents the oldest vernacular poetry in Europe with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century.

Ireland has a rich history in science[82] and is known for its excellence in scientific research conducted at its many universities and institutions. Noted particularly are Ireland's contributions to fiber optics technology and related technologies.

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