This is called Zionism.
There are Jews all over the world. The one who live in Israel are Israeli Jews, like those in the U.S called American Jews.
41% of all Jews live in israel
Some Jews live in Israel.
The act of a Jew moving to live in Israel is called aliyah (Hebrew עלייה), literally "going up".
Today they are called Jews, and the majority live in Israel and North America. But there are (or have been) Jews in almost every country on Earth.
Israel is important to Jews because it is their homeland where Avraham (Abraham) was commanded to move by G-D. It was in those days called "Canaan" and that is also where the 12 Tribes of Israel were, and Israel was commanded to live there by G-D.
The Jewish home is considered to be Israel. All Jews are welcome there, and some Jews think that all Jews should live in Israel.
Approximately 2/3 of the world's Jews live in Israel.
The answer depends on how the question is read:Reading 1: At what time did only Jews and no other people live in Israel?Never. Jewish people have lived in Israel for thousands of years, but there has never been a time when ONLY Jewish people lived within it's borders.Reading 2: At what time did all Jews live exclusively in Israel?The Jewish People lived exclusively in Israel from their early development as a nation (in what is now Israel and the West Bank) up to 586 BCE when the Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of Judah and exiled the Jewish aristocracy to Babylon (and therefore made part of the Jewish community live outside of Israel). Never again did the Jews exclusively live in Israel.
Today they are called "Jews" and they live in almost every country in the world. The majority live in Israel and North America.
The reason is evident; it´s their motherland. Israel and Judea were called so after the people who inhabited them for thousands years: Israelis and Jews.
Jews live around the world, but primarily in Israel and America.