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We attempt to provide a case study of human-environment interactions from the central area of the Yangtze Delta in east China. This area is called Taihu (Tai lake) Plain featured with lakes and rivers, in which has formed the largest city of Suzhou (Soochow) with a 2500-year history (back to Spring & Autumn Period, 770~475BC). About 20 kilometers southeast of Suzhou a largest buried settlement has been excavated from the bottom of a medium-size lake (Chenghu) in recent years. Field investigation on Archaeology, geomorphology and sedimentology shows that this settlement spans ca ~5000 years, from Songze culture (6500~5500aBP) to Song Dynasty (1127~1279AD). The formation, evolution and subsequent transference of this settlement have close relations to environmental changes and human activities. Among them floods, lakeshore retreat, damages of natural vegetation and overuse of lowland (or wetlands) as farmland become the dominant causes. The word of Suzhou consists of two Chinese characters, "su" and "zhou". Here 'zhou' is a common word used for a piece of low land (or just emerged from the water) on which people can settle down. But "su" can be used to express and explain the whole history of the human-environment interactions since it can be disassembled into three basic parts with individual meaning. The top part means a piece of land with reed and weed, standing for a natural ecology and environment. The lower left part is 'fish', indicating a water country (wetland) yielding fishes as the best natural food for people. Besides, the lower right part is 'grain' (or Grammineae), supporting that this land can also be cultivated with crops (as farmland). For the future human-environment system our effort is to harmonize the proportions among these three parts. (NSFC project No.40571170)
Key words: environmental change, human activity, landform processes, settlement, Holocene, Taihu Plain, lower Yangtze region
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