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Throughout history, California has been held by many different groups, including Native Americans, Europeans like the Spanish, Mexicans, and finally, with its admission to the Union, it gained United States statehood. Its isolation, thanks to the Pacific Ocean and mountains and deserts surrounding it, caused the Native Californians to develop different rituals and traditions than many other Native American peoples throughout the rest of North America. The Spanish were the first Europeans to encounter these people when they arrived in California, and after initial explorations, they left the area alone for over 200 years, until missions were established in 1769. When Mexico gained independence from Spain, they also gained the territory of California, and began developing ranchos in the area. These ranchos were worked mainly by Mission Indians, and the developers did very little manual work. 1825 brought with it a wave of disease, which coupled with abuse from their superiors, began to wipe out the Mission Indian population. This wipeout began to ruin the Californian rancho economy. This ruin would not last long, however, as 1844 brought with it the creation of the California Trail, bringing settlers west and breaking up the isolation that California had experienced for centuries. The Mexican-American War broke out in 1846, and the California pueblos surrendered with no shots fired, placing the territory easily under American control, and the California Gold Rush, which began in 1848, brought the California non-Native population over 100,000, and it became the 31st state admitted to the Union in September of 1850.

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