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There are three different systems in the UK - I will use the England and Wales system. Northern Ireland and Scotland are entirely sepeate, apart from with the Supreme Court.

Cases are split between Criminal Cases (convictions) and Civil Cases (lawsuits). Minor criminal cases are dealt with by a Magistrates' Court. This is presided over by part-time magistrates under the supervision of a professional lawyer, and is limited into what sentances it can give. Serious criminal cases, and appeals from the Magistrates' Court, go to a Crown Court, which usually features a jury, as well as a professional judge (who wears a full wig and robes outfit). Appeals from a Crown Court go to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal, in London.

Civil Cases usually begin at a Magistrates' Court or a County Court. County Courts are as common as Crown Courts and they often share buildings. Appeals from a County Court go to the High Courts of Justice, or to the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal.

The High Courts of Justice, in London, is divided into three divisions. The Chancery Division hears cases concerning businesses and money - most appeals from County Courts. The Family Division hears cases related to divorce, children and medical treatment, which usually come from a Magistrates' Court. The Queen's Bench Division (or King's, if the monarch is male) deals with cases involving damages, bankruptcy and possession, as well as presiding over lower courts. Appeals from these courts go to the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal (unless the Supreme Court decides to hear them), except for criminal cases at the Queen's Bench which go straight to the Supreme Court.

The Court of Appeal, which shares buildings with the High Courts of Justice (together known as the Royal Courts of Justice building, or the Law Courts) is divided into two divisions, the Criminal Division and the Civil Division. Appeals from here go to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Cases at the Supreme Court cannot be appealed, although they can ask the European Court in Strasbourg for assistance.

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