formula of steel weight per sqm
you can generally use 180 degree hooks, to provide enough anchorage in slabs with no edge beams. use the Ldh formula (12.5.2) of ACI 318-11
Development length is the length overlap of bars tied to extend the reinforcement length. is about 50 times the dia of bar is consider to safe.
This is the additional length of steel of one structure required to be inserted in other at the junction. For example, main bars of beam in column at beam column junction, column bars in footing etc. The length requirement is similar to the lap length mentioned in previous question or as per the design instructions.
Anchorage of reinforcement refers to the mechanism by which reinforcing bars (rebar) are securely embedded in concrete to ensure effective load transfer between the concrete and the steel. Proper anchorage is crucial for the structural integrity of reinforced concrete elements, as it prevents the bars from pulling out under tension. It typically involves extending the rebar beyond the concrete section or using hooks and bends to enhance grip. Adequate anchorage ensures that the reinforcement performs its intended function in resisting tensile and shear forces.
Lap length is the length overlap of bars tied to extend the reinforcement length.. Lap length about 50 times the diameter of the bar is considered safe. Laps of neighboring bar lengths should be staggered and should not be provided at one level/line. At one cross section, a maximum of 50% bars should be lapped.In case, required lap length is not available at junction because of space and other constraints, bars can be joined with couplers or welded (with correct choice of method of welding).
You replace them with the correct length bars, and hope never to make the same mistake again.
When you crank on the torsion bars you are changing their spring tension.
Nothing but strength of bars. more precisely tension strength. Generally standard grades like 250,415,500 N/mm2 available.
If it's a torsion bar suspension you can take the tension off of the bars by turning the bolts at the back end of the bars. NOT SUGGESTED.
The "term" is the length of time you are sentenced to serve behind bars.
The total length of the shaded portion of the bars would depend on the specific changes being made. If more area is shaded or if the bars themselves are extended, the total length of the shaded portion would increase. Conversely, if some of the shaded area is removed or the bars are shortened, the total length would decrease. Without additional context on the specific actions taken, it's difficult to determine the exact outcome.
When compression bars are larger than tension bars, it typically indicates that the structural element is designed to handle higher compressive forces compared to tensile forces. This difference in size reflects the varying material strengths and load-carrying capacities; compression bars may need to be more robust to resist buckling or crushing under load. In design, this is essential for ensuring stability and safety, as structures often experience different load conditions.