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Mexico's northern territories have historically teemed with low, sparse populations and a harsh, arid climate. However, Mexican law has promoted a "buffer" zone close to the border with the US where low or no taxes are charged. This, besides rich Natural Resources such as copper, iron, coal, sulfur and many more has helped to establish a solid industrial base, made up of several manufacturing and assembly plants, specially on border cities such as Tijuana, Juarez, Nuevo Laredo or Matamoros. These plants are known as maquiladoras, and many of them are foreign-owned by transnational companies such as Sony, Samsung, General Motors, Delphi or Hyundai. No longer for just assembly, many industries have developed economies of scale, where smaller components required to finish the end product are made or built by local providers.

Nominal income per capita in dollars for Mexico's northern states reflects the high industrialization of this region:

  • Nuevo Leon: 16,342
  • Coahuila: 12,474
  • Chihuahua: 12,338
  • Baja California: 11,365
  • Baja California Sur: 10,820
  • Sonora: 10,336
  • Tamaulipas: 10,200
  • Mexico Average: 8,000

Being Nuevo Leon on par to Taiwan (US$ 16,400) and Tamaulipas to a country such as Latvia (US$ 10,200)

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