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The largest island south of the Australian mainland is Tasmania, one of Australia's states. It is actually more southeast of Victoria (another of Australia's states) than just south of Australia itself. Abel Tasman originally named it 'Antony van Diemen's Land' after the governor of Batavia. It was subsequently shortened to Van Diemen's Land, until the colony petitioned to have the name changed to Tasmania,after its European discoverer.

Australia's third-largest island, Kangaroo Island, lies south of Australia, off the South Australian coast.

Between Tasmania and the mainland are numerous smaller islands in Bass Strait. The two largest of these are King Island and Flinders Island.

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