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The first failed colony in North America was the Roanoke Colony, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina. Sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh, the colony struggled with food shortages, conflicts with Indigenous peoples, and poor planning. The most infamous aspect of Roanoke's failure is the mysterious disappearance of its settlers, with the word "CROATOAN" carved into a tree as the only clue left behind. The colony was ultimately abandoned, and its fate remains one of history's enduring mysteries.

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