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The first three Spanish settlements in New Mexico were Santa Fe, founded in 1610; San Juan Pueblo, established around 1610 near present-day Española; and Albuquerque, founded in 1706. Santa Fe became the capital and a central hub for Spanish colonial administration. San Juan Pueblo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States, and Albuquerque was established to provide a strategic location along the Camino Real.

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