Before unification in the 19th century, Italy was divided into five major states: the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. Each of these regions had its own government and political structure. The unification process, known as the Risorgimento, ultimately led to the consolidation of these states into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
There was no central government in 1850 but there was a very loose confedation of the German states. More importantly, Germany existed a cultural nation long before unification in 1871.
Germany, and its predecessor states before unification in 1871
No- Not in the United States of America . Before the United States existed, there were presidents of the Continental Congresses that existed was before independence was declared from Britain and after independence, to conduct the war of independence.
No, sugar did not cause slavery. Slavery existed long before the United States existed, or the Americas were discovered by Europeans. In fact, slavery existed long before the European countries existed.
Prussia and Austria were the two most powerful German states.
In small villages
The kingdoms of Italy historically refer to several states and realms that existed on the Italian peninsula before unification in the 19th century. Notable among them are the Kingdom of Sardinia, which played a crucial role in the unification process, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the south, and the Papal States centered in Rome. Other important regions included the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The unification of these various kingdoms into one nation-state was largely achieved in 1861 under the leadership of figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour.
Germany was first unified in 1871. From 1815-1866 it consisted of 39 largely independent states. In 1792, before the invasions by Revolutionary France, Germany consisted of over 250 (!) states.
Joan died centuries before the United States existed.
Prussia and Austria were the two most powerful German states.
The Republic of Texas was the only state that existed as a country before it became one of the United States. This occurred in 1845.
Papal states