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During the reign of Philip II Spain colonized much of middle and south America. It successfully drove the Ottoman Empire and all Muslim influence from the western Mediterranean. Spain managed to gain considerable political influence in Italy and successfully consolidated and enlarged its possessions there. On the debit side, it was unsuccessful in invading England and re-instate a Catholic monarch there, and it lost its Dutch possessions to a popular revolt there, being forced to

acknowledge the independence of the Dutch Republic in 1648.

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10y ago

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