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The Spanish arrived there in 1499 and created the Viceroyalty of New Granada (comprising modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, the northwest region of Brazil and Panama) with its capital in Bogota. Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 'Gran Colombia' had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation in 1858, and then the United States of Colombia in 1863, before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama split from the union in 1903 because of the pressure from the United States over the building of the Panama Canal.

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15y ago

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