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Following the end of the First world War, the British classified the 800,000 inhabitants of Palestine according to religion: 650,000 Muslims, 80,000 Christians and 60,000 Jews.

By the end of 1947, there were 1,300,000 Arabs (Muslims and Christians) and 600,000 Jews in Palestine. Over the previous thirty years, Palestine had witnessed an influx of Jews, some of it by illegal immigration. The purpose was to achieve an ethnic majority, so as to create a Jewish state of Israel. After the Israeli Declaration of Independence, the government encouraged Jews in the Arab lands to join their fellow Jews in Israel. Large-scale immigration also came from the ravaged countries of Europe, particularly the former Soviet Union.

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Israel is important to Jews because God promised it to Jacob (Genesis ch.28), the father of the Israelites, and his descendants. Jacob was renamed Israel by God (Genesis ch.35); and the Israelites lived in Israel during the era of the Patriarchs (220 years), during the era from Joshua until the First Destruction (850 years), during the Second Temple era (420 years) and afterwards. They remained a majority in the land for another 300 years after the Second Destruction; and a minority of Jews remained there throughout the ensuing centuries.

Israel had been the site of the First Temple, built by King Solomon; the dynasty of King David; the Second Temple, built by Ezra; and the Hasmonean Dynasty. It was where the Hebrew Prophets lived, and where the Mishna (Oral Torah) was codified. Also, many of the Torah's commands apply only in Israel.

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