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The Italian unification movement, or Risorgimento, began to take shape in the early 19th century, with significant developments occurring in Sicily and Sardinia. The insurrections in Sicily in 1848 and the establishment of the Kingdom of Sardinia under King Charles Albert were pivotal moments. The movement gained momentum following the leadership of figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi, particularly during the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860, which helped to unify much of Italy under the Kingdom of Italy by 1861.

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