China also lays claim to Taiwan, although it is an independent country.
The largest island with a disputed claim by The People's Republic of China, would be the island of Taiwan.
Yes. The People's Republic of China governs the Chinese mainland, while the Republic of China governs Taiwan. They each claim to be the legitimate government of China, but most countries only diplomatically recognize the People's Republic of China as such.
No, Taiwan (The Republic of China or ROC) is not a communist nation, it has been democratic since the 1980's when it moved away from being a single-party state. While China (The Peoples Republic of China or PRC) maintains claim of the island nation, it is recognized by 23 of the world's 203 sovereign nations as a sovereign entity.
Taiwan
Taiwan (Island of Formosa) is the most commonly cited claim of the People's Republic of China that is not in their control. Other regions that the People's Republic of China claims are: Aksai Chin and parts of Jammu/Kashmir, Arunchal Pradesh, several archipelagos in the Gulf of Tonkin, the smaller islands controlled by Taiwan, and the Sengaku Islands (called by the Chinese the Diaoyu Islands).
mongol empire ruled peoples from China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India
Taiwan
Because, between 1927 and 1949, China (then the Republic of China on the mainland) was engaged in civil war, alongside the Second World War. The Nationalists vs. The Communists. The Communists won and established the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the mainland. The Nationalists were forced to move the Republic of China (ROC) to Taiwan. The PRC is now commonly known as "China" and the ROC as "Taiwan". Both sides still officially claim to be the sole legitimate government of all of China, but the ROC was kicked out of the UN and many other international organisations in the 1970s and replaced by the PRC.
The Republic of China (ROC) officially refers to Taiwan simply as "Taiwan." This designation is used in various contexts, including government documents and international relations. While the ROC maintains a claim over all of China, including the mainland, its practical governance and recognition are primarily focused on Taiwan.
Paracel and Spratly Islands belong to Vietnam. There is not a single map that show those islands belong to China.
Hoshima Island is at the southernmost tip of Japan. There is much conflict between Japan and China over Hoshima Island. This is due to the fact that both countries claim sovereign territory over the islands.