Which king or queen was wales formally united with England?

Answer 1

England effectively absorbed Wales into it - Wales had no option than to be integrated.

Edward I had conquered Wales circa 1283. The most rebellious part of Wales was Snowdonia area This forced Edward build a number of large and quite formidable castles around the Snowdonia area meant to terrorise the people of North Wales.

After 1283, Wales that was under the control of the King was called "The Principality". This area, about a third of Wales, was ruled as if it was part of England. As in England, the Principality was divided into shires which were governed by men appointed by the king of the time. Two-thirds of Wales was still governed by what were called the "Marcher Lords". This was land that had been conquered by the Norman's during the 11th and 12th centuries.

In 1485, Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry was a Welshman and the involvement of Welsh soldiers at Bosworth played a significant part in Henry's victory. After he became king, Henry rewarded many Welsh men with government posts in London.

In 1509, Henry VIII succeeded his father to the throne. Henry did not have the same feel for Wales that his father had. Henry VII had a Welsh dragon and a wolfhound on his heraldic insignia. Henry VIII dropped the wolfhound and replaced it with a lion, thus making the royal insignia less Welsh.