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During the late Qing Dynasty and the early 20th century, foreign powers, particularly following the Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion, exerted significant influence over China. The Qing government, facing internal strife and external pressures, appointed some foreign advisors and officials to help modernize the administration and military. This was part of attempts to reform the government and strengthen the state in response to foreign encroachments and the need for modernization. However, such appointments were often controversial and met with resistance from nationalists and traditionalists within China.

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