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The Stuarts, original Scottish spelling 'Stewart', were the hereditary 'stewards' of Scotland, hence their name. They eventually gained the Scottish crown in the late 14th century. On the death of Elizabeth I childless, James VI of Scotland was offered the Crown of England as James I. He and his successors ruled as Charles I, Charles II, James II, (William and) Mary Stuart and Anne. James II was overthrown, but maintained he was the rightful King of England and his son and grandson (Bonnie Prince Charlie) were responsible for the Jacobite rebellions of 1715 and 1745. The last Stuart pretender to the British Crown, nominally Henry XI died in the late 18th century. The current British Royal Family are descended in part for the Stuarts for the crown was settled on the successors to Sophie, Electress of Hannover following the death of Queen Anne childless, She was the granddaughter of the Winter Queen, the sister of Charles I.

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