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Richard TrevithickIn 1801 Richard Trevithick constructed "Puffing Devil", an experimental steam driven carriage. It had a single vertical cylinder and the reciprocating (to-and-fro) motion of the single piston was sent to the driving wheels by means of crank mechanisms and connecting rods. Fully loaded it weighed 1520 kg and had a speed of about 9 mph on the flat.

Trevithick's use of crank mechanisms and connecting rods was fundamental to the design of all subsequent engines that used reciprocating pistons. They all used connecting rods to connect the reciprocating pistons to crankshafts or flywheels. These were then connected to the driving wheels via various systems such as: further connecting rods; pulleys driving ropes or belts; sprockets driving chains; rotating shafts and gearboxes.

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