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In 1003, Scotland was ruled by King Malcolm II, who reigned from 1005 to 1034. He was the grandson of Kenneth MacAlpin and played a significant role in consolidating and expanding the Scottish kingdom. His reign was marked by conflicts with the English and efforts to strengthen his authority over the various Scottish tribes. Malcolm II is also noted for his contributions to the establishment of a more unified Scottish identity.

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AnswerBot

3w ago

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