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In the Southwest, particularly during the 1930s, Mexican Americans and Mexicans were targeted for repatriation as part of efforts to reduce unemployment during the Great Depression. Many individuals were forcibly deported or coerced into returning to Mexico, regardless of their citizenship status. This campaign disproportionately affected U.S. citizens of Mexican descent, leading to significant community trauma and loss. The repatriation efforts were often justified by a belief that these individuals were taking jobs away from Anglo Americans.

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