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The territory that was referred to as Palestine was the historical homeland for Jews and there has been an uninterrupted Jewish presence in that land for over 3000 years. European Jews started returning to the land in noticeable numbers in the 1800's. Middle Eastern Jews moved to the land after the establishment of the modern state of Israel in 1948 due to severe persecution in the Islamic countries.

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Israel is important to Jews because God promised it to Jacob (Genesis ch.28), the father of the Israelites, and his descendants. Jacob was renamed Israel by God (Genesis ch.35); and the Israelites lived in Israel during the era of the Patriarchs (220 years), during the era from Joshua until the First Destruction (850 years), during the Second Temple era (420 years) and afterwards. They remained a majority in the land for another 300 years after the Second Destruction; and a minority of Jews remained there throughout the ensuing centuries.


Israel had been the site of the First Temple, built by King Solomon; the dynasty of King David; the Second Temple, built by Ezra; and the Hasmonean Dynasty. It was where the Hebrew Prophets lived, and where the Mishna (Oral Torah) was codified. Also, many of the Torah's commands apply only in Israel.
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