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During the colonial era, Southeast Asia became ethnically diverse due to the influx of European powers who imposed artificial borders and encouraged migration for labor and trade. Colonial administrations often exploited local ethnic divisions to maintain control, leading to the movement of various groups within and across regions. Additionally, the introduction of plantation economies and resource extraction attracted migrants from different areas, further mixing ethnicities. This complex interplay of migration, economic interests, and colonial policies solidified the region's ethnic diversity.

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