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Almost all of the countries of South and Central America were at one time Spanish colonies in the New World. The Spaniards were the first Europeans to explore (and plunder) the lands of the Americas, under the conquistadors of the 1500's. Although they were outnumbered by the native populations, Spanish became widely used by the various populations, and eventually Spanish language and names became dominant.

Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors

With the exception of British Honduras (Belize) British Guinana (Guyana) French Guiana, Dutch Guiana (Suriname) and Brazil (Portugese), the Spanish Empire included all countries from the Rio Grande in Mexico to Cape Horn in Argentina. This was largely due to two Spanish explorers: Cortez and Pizarro.

When Hernando Cortez landed in the Western Hemisphere from Spain, he and about 35 soldiers appeared before the natives. To the natives, they were considered gods, simply because they were riding horses, both clad in plated armor. They also had with them, a Catholic priest. When Cortez met with the Mayan Chief and subsequently gave the Chief a Bible, the chief threw the Bible on the ground and said something to the effect that bibles and the Spanish Gods weren't needed, nor their beliefs.

This ensued a major battle against approximately 500 to 5,000 Mayan warriors, which the Spanish quickly defeated because of their steel swords and body armor, and because they fought on horseback. To Mayans, they seemed like strange creatures having four legs and two-heads and covered by steel.

When Cortez looked down at the valley below, and saw more than 80,000 Mayans, he intended to conquer, civilize and culturize them. He had no idea of the fact that the Mayans, Aztecans, Incas and the Toltecs (a committee of Elders, from all the tribes) were already "civilized" with their own laws and their own gods. Unbeknownst to Cortez, the Europeans had a secret weapon even they didn't know about: diseases. These were mainly diseases of Europeans and animals, which came from the Middle East, and from Asia. These were diseases for which the Central American Tribes had no antibodies to protect them. Diseases such as, smallpox, flu, tuberculosis, malaria, plague, measles, diptheria and cholera infected tens of thousands of Mayans, helping to decimate the tribes and empires.

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