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A tyrant was appointed to protect the lower class citizens from the depredations of the upper class oligarchs who controlled the city and organised things for their own profit and benefit. This worked for half a cetury, but the tyrant had to establish a strong personal guard to protect himself from the resentful oligarchs. To pay for this he levied a tax. Greeks hated taxes, and this drew resentment against the tyrant, forgetting how bad it had been under the oligarchs fifty years before. The oligarchs mobilised this discontent, resulting in expulsion of the third tyrant Hippias, Unfortunately for the oligarchs, Cleisthenes introduced a limited democracy, which kept the oligarchs from regaining control.

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