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Northern Ireland is not technically ruled by England. However, it is part of the United Kingdom, of which England is the largest constituent part. At one time, the British conquered the whole of the island of Ireland. The last part of the country to resist their rule was the province of Ulster. In the 17th century, the Irish rulers of Ulster were finally dispossessed. Much of the land which was taken from them was given to settlers from Britain. At the time of the Irish War of Independence, the descendants of these settlers formed a majority of the population in 4 of the 9 counties in Ulster. They were called Unionists because they wanted to stay part of the UK where their ancestors had come from, and they threatened to rebel if they were forced to form part of an independent country. So the British offered to recognise the independence of 26 of the 32 counties in Ireland. The four counties where the Unionists were a majority, plus two ccounties where Nationalists who wanted independence were a majority, were to stay part of the UK. There was a civil war in Ireland between people who wanted to accept this treaty, and people who wanted to fight on and gain the independence of the whole country. The pro-treaty people won, so Ireland was partitioned into a 26-county independent country and 6 counties that were still in the UK. Today, four of the Six Counties have Nationalist majorities. However, Unionists have an overall majority of 58%. So these counties are still part of the UK.

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