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For westward travelers in the 19th century on their way to California, Death Valley was a very difficult place to cross. Temperatures are very high and water is very scarce. Not all travelers or their animals that were pulling their equipment survived the crossing.

In 1849 westward bound gold-seekers tried to take a shortcut from the main route. They parted ways with the main wagon train heading down from Salt Lake, Utah. Most turned back but a stubborn few kept moving westward across Nevada and inevitably stumbled into the lowest, driest, hottest spot in the entire Great Basin (in the Western Hemisphere for that matter). Fortunately it was winter. Their experiences were horrific and one of those pioneers died in Death Valley. But when the others escaped and looked back, one of them said "Goodbye Death Valley," probably referencing the 23rd Psalm from The Bible, and the name stuck. Check out Weird Tales 3: The Pioneer's Lost Trunk for the story.

The story for Death Valley's name is interesting, and it is on the Death Valley National Park webpage: http://www.nps.gov/deva/historyculture/the-lost-49ers.htm
Simply because the temperature gets so hot there during the daytime, that almost nothing can survive there for any length of time.

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