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Historical reasons. Today technology allows us to live anywhere and there are resources to be extracted in northern Canada but in the past life in the Arctic and Subarctic was too difficult for large populations.

Subartic land is very cold for most of the year and does not support a lot of higher life forms and animals we would eat. Those animals that are around are usually seasonal and all too often in very low numbers. Before European technology allowed food to be brought in and stored in large amounts the best strategy was to move with the food as nomadic hunter gathers did.

The result is very few settlements of any size but that is changing. Canada's north is poised to see very significant increases in population as the world warms and our resources become more valuable.

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